An introductory guide to creating end-of-paper references in accordance with the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style (2020).
BASIC COMPONENTS (PowerPoint Slideshow)
ARRANGING AND FORMATTING COMPONENTS
AUTHOR NAME(S)
1 Author
Last name first, followed by first initial and (if given) additional initials. End with a period. No blank space between initials.
EXAMPLES
Cooper T.
Berben SAA.
Gausche-Hill M.
de la Peña SK.
2 to 6 Authors
Separate multiple authors with a comma. End the list with a period. Do not add the word "and" before the final author name.
EXAMPLES
Oren E, Kiene SM.
Schanler RJ, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kim JH.
Rivadeneyra-Posadas JJ, Cubo E, Simón-Vicente L, Garcia-Bustillo Á.
Zhang N, Xiong X, Xu J, Zeng Q, Li J.
Crowder L, Welniak TL, Hoogland AI, Small BJ, Rodriguez Y, Carpenter KM.
7 or More Authors
List only the first three authors. Separate names with a comma. Do not add the word "and" before the final author name. Add a comma and the phrase "et al" after the third author, followed by a period.
EXAMPLES
Mohammed WS, Al-Makramani BMA, Mehta V, et al.
Williams J, Gustafson M, Bai Y, et al.
Villegas-Aguilar E, Ropero-Padilla C, Martin-Ibañez L, et al.
TITLE OF SLIDESHOW
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. All other words remain fully uncapitalized except for: 1) the first letter of proper nouns; 2) acronyms; 3) other miscellaneous circumstances. Do not enclose the full title in quotation marks. Do not capitalize the first letter of the first word of a subtitle (unless it constitutes an exception).
If no title is given, substitute the phrase "PowerPoint slideshow."
EXAMPLES
OSHA workplace injuries.
Histology of tongue, liver & pancreas.
The Soviet Union: rise and fall of a superpower.
The IARC monographs: volume 112, glyphosate evaluation.
Who's your daddy? and mommy? a Mendelian genetics inquiry lab on corn with optional chi-square test.
POWERPOINT SLIDESHOW
Include the phrase "PowerPoint slideshow."
EXAMPLE
DATE OF PUBLICATION
List the month and day (if given), followed by a comma and the year. Do not abbreviate the month .
EXAMPLES
October 18, 1996.
DATE OF UPDATE
Include the word "Updated" followed by the date of last update ( month day [comma] year ). Do not abbreviate the month .
EXAMPLES
Updated June 29, 2001.
Updated December 3, 1999.
Updated March 12, 2020.
DATE OF ACCESS / URL
Include the word "Accessed" followed by the date of access (month day [comma] year) and a period. Do not abbreviate the month. Then add the URL for the website. Do not include a period after the URL.
EXAMPLES
Accessed December 14, 2019. https://ursuline.desire2learn.com/d2l/f23/pa607/content/media/med-interview
Accessed July 8, 2022. https://bioethics.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/EFL-042220jc.pptx
Accessed January 20, 2023. https://www.powershow.com/view/2256f-OTFhO/Womens_Health_and_Wellness_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
SAMPLE REFERENCES (PowerPoint Slideshow)